Unfortunately, installing Arch Linux is no simple task for a Linux newbie. Arch is minimalist, possibly too minimalist for some people, and is definitely not recommended for new users. This much is clear from Arch Linux’s own Wiki, which says:
“The Arch Linux system places precedence upon elegance of design as well as clean, simple code, rather than unnecessary patching, automation, eye candy or "newbie-friendliness." Software patches are therefore kept to an absolute minimum; ideally, never. Simple implementation shall always trump simple user interface.”
Arch Linux can be downloaded as a single small iso file which is available in many different versions. The first choice you have to make is of the architecture, however unlike many other distros Arch Linux comes in a dual-architecture option, which lets you select the architecture (i686 or x86_64) while booting and starting the installation. Since we had no use for this feature we simply downloaded the 64-bit version. However if you plan to install Arch Linux on multiple computers, with differing architectures, the dual-architecture image will be your best bet.
Now you have have another option, between a netinstall version or a core image. The difference between these two is that while the core image bundles some core packages which are necessary to set up your system, the netinstall image installs everything, including the “core” system files from the internet. If you think installing the Core image will be more convenient, you might want to consider that sooner or later you will have to install updates to the core system over the internet anyway, so you might as well use the netinstall image to download the latest packages. We however downloaded the image with the core packages.
Unlike most other distros, Arch Linux features a text-mode installer, which might be a nightmare for the newbie — who shouldn't be using this distro anyway — but for the experienced user it is a boon as it simplifies the otherwise even more complicated installation process, while still giving the user optimum configurability. It is impossible to describe all the options available to the users, since they are just too many. For a general idea of what the installation looks like, check out the images at the end of the article.
Your Arch Linux disc will boot straight into the login prompt for the CLI of a live distro. At this point you need to login as root user, which has no password. Now you have the power of a root user at your fingertips, you can go about your business now in any which way you want. Arch Linux prints all the information you’ll need to install it on the screen once you are logged in. The documentation for the installer is loaded on the disc so you can read that now if you’d like. It’s good to know that the Arch Linux community is there to support you if you need to install the distro on your “kerosene-powered cheese grater.”
The (semi)automated installer is probably what you’ll want to run though, and this can easily be launched with the command “/arch/setup” (printed on screen). This launches the ncurses-based installed called “Arch Linux Installation Framework” or aif in short. The installer will then display a menu of your installation steps, the usual stuff, selecting where to install from, setting the clock, preparing your hard drives, selecting the packages to install, installing the packages, configuring the system, and installing the bootloader. These are steps pretty much every distro performs, however usually the intricacies are hidden from the end user.
The steps are pretty much what you’d expect (check out the images at the end of the article for a better idea). What need mentioning are the steps for preparing the hard disk, and configuring the system, which can be a little overwhelming. You have a choice to take over the entire hard drive while installing, this is a simple thing to do if it is really what you want to do. Arch Linux will remove all your existing partitions and guide you through creating the other essential partitions, such as your boot partition, swap, and root partition. A manual drive partitioning option is also available, however it will drop you into a console partitioning tool, the popular cfdisk. You should really know what you are doing if you don’t want data loss.
Then come the package selection and installation steps. You can select, firstly the package groups (“base” and “base-devel” will be available on the disc), and then the packages themselves. In the next step the packages will install. The Arch Linux base packages can take some time to install if you have a slow connection. If you had downloaded the image with the core files however, it should proceed fast enough.
After the package selection and installation steps you have to configure your system. First of all you will select which editor to use by default, nano, joe, or vi. You will then be presented a list of the configuration files which you can edit with your recently-selected default editor. At this point all your Linux expertise and experience comes in, however unless you have some exotic hardware (such as a “kerosene-powered cheese grater”), your system will probably already be in working order, as it was for us. All you need to do now is select a server for your software repository, and refresh your package database.
It is unlikely that the base packages Arch has installed till now will be sufficient for you, so not you need to start installing more packages. Arch Linux has its own package management system, which works quite well. A small tool called “pacman” is your interface to the package repositories, and this tool can be used to install, uninstall and update packages, as well as updating your entire system.
Being a rolling distribution, the package management tool is all you will ever need to have the latest version of the distro, and you will be able to see your distro slowly evolve instead of seeing improvements in periodic steps. This means you will get the latest software faster, however this also means that your system might be more unstable. We did not notice any instability in our testing though Arch Linux prefers vanilla packages in favor of patched applications for the distro.
Since Arch Linux doesn’t come with any desktop environment, or even the X server installed, getting those installed will be your first step, unless you plan to use your Linux as a server. The package manager will manage this well, however you will be left with the possibly complex task of configuring the system manually.
The complexity of setting up and configuring your Arch Linux installation is largely offset by the fact that it is a distro you are likely to install once, and then keep updating as newer software comes out, rather than one you will have to install each time a new version is released.
Arch Linux lets you be in control of your own system. But as always, with great power comes great responsibility. We will only recommend Arch Linux to those who have used Linux for quite a while, and have used from the console as well. If you want to download a Linux distro which installs a fully functional graphical environment ready for use, then Arch Linux is NOT for you. Arch Linux is for those who want to configure and set up their system with an intimate understanding and control over each aspect. If you are someone who wants to jump into Linux with both feet, and learn by possibly screwing up their system, Arch Linux is perfect for you.
Click next to see Images of Arch Linux installation, and KDE4 on Arch Linux
You can click on the images to open a larger version.
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| Booting from the Arch Linux core install CD | The Arch Linux bootable disc drops you into a rather bland login prompt |
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| Log in to see some basic instructions. | We launch the /arch/setup Arch installer and are greeted with this message |
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| This menu lists all the tasks involved in installing Arch Linux. After each task completes, the installer comes back to this menu with the next tast highlighted. | Since we downloaded the Arch Linux installer with the core packages, we select the 'cd' option. |
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| A gentle reminder that we are not limited to the packages included on the disk. Useful if you already have a cache of packages ready to use. | Now for setting up the time and region. |
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| We set the correct timezone for the region, and the time after that. | Now for setting up the hard disk. Since we were using a VM we went ahead with the first option, to erase the entire disk. |
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| Our hard drive has been detected. If your drive is not detected, you can switch to a different virtual terminal and try to configure your hardware manually. | We can select which disc to install to. |
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| Just to give you a tast of the manual partitioning option, we show you how that goes. | This is cfdisk, similar to fdisk. It is a powerful partitioning tool which should be easy enough to use for anyone who has dealt with partitioning tools. |
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| Back to automated partitioning. We set the boot partition to 100MB. (More than that is probably not required) | We go with the recommended 256MB swap partition. |
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| The root partition gets the bulk of the remaining space, and the rest goes to /home | Last chance to revert on erasing the entire disk. We boldly click 'Yes' |
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| Arch Linux now sets up our partitions | Our hard disk is now prepared! |
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| Now for package selection and installation. | We can select the package groups. Only base and base-devel are available on the disk. |
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| Now we can make out package selections from the package groups. We select all. | Now the package installation begins. |
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| Packages are installing. | |
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| Packages are done instaling, and post install procedures continue. | Now we get to select the editor which will be used to edit our system configuration in the next step. |
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| Arch Linux lists all your configuration files. You can also change your root password from here. | Editing the Arch Linux repository mirror list using nano. |
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| Now to set up the boot loader. | |
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| Again we must edit the GRUB config by hand… | |
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| …and choose where to install it. | |
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| The installation is over. Time to reboot! | Our newly installed Arch Linux Boot menu |
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| Arch Linux starts… | The Arch Linux login prompt! |
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| We login as root as it is the only user right now. We will have to set up a standard user ourselves. | We synchronize the package data. |
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| We install kde4 with this simple command. It automatically manages dependancies. | The download and installation have begun. |
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| First pacman itself will upgrade. | After much time installing and much configuration, we have the kdm login manager working |
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| There we have it KDE4 launching. | KDE4 running on a normal user account |
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